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Cross-Laminated Timber Housing Within Underutilized Parking Structures

Authors:
Chang Lu, Tianyu Zhao, Shaha Maiteh
Cross-Laminated Timber Housing Within Underutilized Parking Structures
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Cross-laminated timber transforms underutilized parking garages into efficient housing units, addressing San Francisco's pressing need for affordable living spaces.
5 key facts about this project
01
Repurposes state-owned parking garages for residential use.
02
Incorporates cross-laminated timber for structural efficiency.
03
Offers flexible unit sizes catering to diverse demographics.
04
Integrates communal spaces to foster community interaction.
05
Enhances urban density in response to local housing shortages.

The design addresses the issue of housing affordability in San Francisco by integrating residential units into parking structures in the downtown area. The project focuses on state-owned garages that serve the financial district, where vehicles occupy the space during the day but are largely empty at night. This initiative looks to change the existing function of these buildings, turning them into livable spaces that respond to the city's urgent need for more housing.

Design Concept

Repurposing parking garages creates an opportunity to transform underused urban spaces into homes. The idea is to modify the structures to incorporate residential living while maintaining their original purpose. By extending the façades of these garages, the design introduces new housing options into a dense urban environment. The approach is practical, maximizing existing infrastructure to alleviate the housing crisis impacting low- and moderate-income residents.

Living Units

The project offers a variety of living unit types to cater to different occupants. Sizes range from 16.2 square meters for individuals up to 39.6 square meters for families. This careful planning ensures that a wide demographic can find suitable space, addressing the diverse needs of those who live in the city. The units are designed to be functional and comfortable, providing essential amenities.

Materiality and Sustainability

Cross-laminated timber is used as the primary building material for the living units. This choice supports modern sustainable practices, offering structural stability and environmental friendliness. Using cross-laminated timber helps reduce the carbon footprint while creating a warm and inviting space. The material selection reflects a growing trend towards eco-friendly construction, which is essential in urban settings.

Community Integration

The design also includes communal spaces to encourage social interaction among residents. This aspect is important for building a sense of community, especially in a busy city where many may feel isolated. The layout promotes accessibility, facilitating connections among neighbors while allowing for private living areas.

Careful consideration is given to natural light and ventilation within the units. This attention to detail fosters a comfortable living environment. By adapting the parking structures, the project adds value to the urban landscape, providing essential housing while addressing the city’s growing challenges.

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The Next House: USA — A Global Call to Reimagine the American Suburb

`
Competition organisers

Buildner is launching The Next House: USA, a global architecture competition that challenges architects, designers, and thinkers to reimagine the American suburban home for the 21st century. For decades, the suburban house has symbolized comfort and stability, but today it often reflects excess, isolation, and environmental strain. This competition asks: how can the American home evolve to address climate urgency, economic pressures, and shifting social values?

Participants are tasked with designing a prototype home of no more than 1,500 sq ft (≈140 m²) for a household of two adults and one child. The design should be compact yet generous, adaptable, sustainable, affordable, and replicable across diverse U.S. contexts. More than a design exercise, the competition aims to spark a conversation about how homes can support healthier, smarter, and more connected communities.

The total prize fund is $20,000 USD. The final registration deadline is May 20, 2026, and winners will be announced on September 22, 2026. The Next House: USA invites architects, students, and visionaries worldwide to redefine what the American home means today—and what it should mean tomorrow.

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